Phobia:
A phobia is an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of an object or situation that poses little or no real danger. Phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. Unlike the brief anxiety most people feel when they give a speech or take a test, a phobia is long-lasting, causes intense physical and psychological reactions, and can affect your ability to function normally at work or in social settings. Phobias are divided into three main categories:
Specific phobias: These include-
Fear of enclosed spaces - Claustrophobia
Fear of animals- Zoophobia: Particularly spiders, snakes, cockroaches mice, etc
Fear of heights - Acrophobia
Fear of flying - Aviophobia
Fear of water - Hydrophobia
There are many other specific phobias like fear of storms, dentists, injections, tunnels, bridges and not being able to get off public transportation quickly enough.
Social phobia: More than just shyness, social phobia involves a combination of excessive self-consciousness, a fear of public scrutiny or humiliation in common social situations, and a fear of negative evaluation by others.
Fear of open spaces (agoraphobia): Most people who have agoraphobia develop it after having one or more panic attacks. Agoraphobia is a fear of a place such as a mall, an elevator, or a room full of people with no easy means of escape if a panic attack should occur.
No matter what type of phobia you have, it's likely to produce the following reactions:
1. A feeling of uncontrollable anxiety when you're exposed to the source of your fear — sitting on an airplane, for instance, or walking into a large party
2. The feeling that you must do everything possible to avoid what you fear
3. The inability to function normally because of your anxiety
4. Often, the knowledge that your fears are unreasonable or exaggerated, but feeling powerless to control them
5. Physical as well as psychological reactions, including sweating, rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, a feeling of panic and intense anxiety
6. In some cases, anxiety just thinking about what you fear
7. In children, possibly tantrums, clinging or crying
Treatments:
Various methods are claimed to treat phobias. Their proposed benefits may vary from person to person. Some therapists use virtual reality or imagery exercises to desensitize patients to the feared entity.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT): Cognitive behavioral therapy allows the patient to challenge dysfunctional thoughts or beliefs by being mindful of their feelings with the aim that the patient will realize their fear is irrational. In one clinical trial, 90% of patients were observed to no longer have a phobic reaction after successful CBT treatment. CBT is also an effective treatment for phobias in children and adolescents, and it has been adapted to be appropriate for use at this age. This program has five stages: Psychoeducation, Skill Building, Problem Solving, Exposure, and Generalization and Maintenance. Psychoeducation focuses on identifying and understanding symptoms. Skill Building focuses on learning cognitive restructuring, social skills, and problem-solving skills. Problem Solving focuses on identifying problems and using a proactive approach to solving them. Exposure involves exposing the adolescent to social situations in a hierarchical approach. Finally, Generalization and Maintenance involve practicing the skills learned.
Hypnotherapy and NLP: Hypnotherapy coupled with Neuro-Linguistic Programming can also be used to help remove the associations that trigger a phobic reaction.
Allopathic Treatment: Antidepressant medications such as SSRIs, and MAIOS may be helpful in some cases of phobia but lose its effect after some time. Benzodiazepines may be useful in the acute treatment of severe symptoms but the risk-benefit ratio is against their long-term use in phobic disorders.
Homeopathic Treatment of Phobia & Panic Disorder: Homeopathic medicines are quite effective in treating phobia. Arsenic alb, Phosphorus, Argentum nit, Spongia, Carcinosin, Kali carb, Lycopodium, Calcarea carb, Aconite, and Gelsemium are very commonly used medicines in the treatment of phobia.
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